Oxytocin is a peptide hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and synthesized by the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. It consists of 9 amino acids and is transported to the neuropituitary gland at a rate of 2-3 millimeters per day for release. The cysteine (Cys) residues at positions 1 and 6 form a cyclic structure of a 6-peptide in the form of disulfide bonds.
Oxytocin stimulates the secretion of breast milk, promotes the contraction of uterine smooth muscle during delivery, and promotes maternal love. In addition, it can also reduce the levels of stress hormones such as adrenal ketones in the human body to lower blood pressure. It is not exclusive to women, and can be secreted by both men and women.
Physiological effects
(1) The effect on the mammary gland: During lactation, the mammary gland continuously secretes milk under the action of prolactin, which is stored in the mammary gland acini. Oxytocin can cause the muscle epithelial cells around the mammary gland acini to contract, promoting lactation in the mammary gland.
(2) The effect on the uterus: Oxytocin has a strong promoting effect on uterine contractions, but the pregnant uterus is more sensitive. Estrogen can increase the sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin, while progesterone is the opposite.
(3) The effect of oxytocin on social shyness and autism: Oxytocin can help individuals who are socially neglected due to shyness overcome social shyness. But oxytocin nasal spray does not work for people who are already very confident.
(4) When the mood is cheerful or there is a strong sense of belonging, the hypothalamus synthesizes oxytocin, the pituitary gland secretes oxytocin, and stress is also relieved. At the same time, the oxygen supply to tissues in the body increases significantly.
Special effects
Affects the relationship between infants and mothers
Experiments have shown that in infancy, people who establish intimate attachment relationships with their mothers become more caring and considerate after using oxytocin; For those who have been relatively indifferent to their mothers since infancy, oxytocin actually deepens their negative memories.
Secretory regulation
The secretion of oxytocin is mainly regulated by neuroreflexivity. When a baby sucks on the nipple, stimulation information is transmitted to the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, causing the secretion of oxytocin and causing the breast to ejaculate, known as the ejaculatory reflex, which belongs to the neuroendocrine reflex. On this basis, a conditioned reflex can be formed, and the baby's crying or caressing can cause ejaculation.
During childbirth, the cervix and vagina are compressed and pulled, which can reflexively trigger the secretion of oxytocin and aid in delivery. Although oxytocin can stimulate uterine contractions, it is not the determining factor for initiating uterine contractions during childbirth. In addition, emotional reactions such as panic and anxiety can inhibit the secretion of oxytocin.
Comments and testing reports
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